Electricity travels through different materials like copper. But have you ever thought how metals conduct electricity? Do all metals conduct electricity and why? In this tutorial, you will know the different types of conductor and insulator and their electrical properties. Electronic devices and components are made up of conductor, semiconductor or insulator. The energy level… [Read More]
Secure Water Pump Switch
Here is the circuit diagram of an independent water pump switch controller with ‘soft’ on/off buttons. Since the circuit uses low-voltage switches, even a kid can operate it safely. Besides, there’s also a dry-run protection option to disable the water pump controller if the water level at the sump/underground storage tank goes below a certain… [Read More]
Safe Bathroom Lamp Controller
As you may know, bathroom is possibly the most dangerous area in your house when it comes to electrical safety because water is a sound electrical conductor. The consequence of an electric shock is far more severe in the bathroom because your wet skin reduces the body’s resistance and the effect is very dangerous. Here… [Read More]
Electronic Magnet Evaluator
Electronic Magnet Evaluator is a simple device incredibly useful for experimenters and students. With this little gadget one can not only detect the presence of a permanent magnet but also find out its south (S) and north (N) poles. Circuit of this portable device is designed for 9V battery operation. The circuit given below uses… [Read More]
Security System with Voice Playback
This circuit is designed in response to a request made by my beautiful neighbor. What she desired was an inexpensive device to record and replay customized voice messages. Now it’s the frontend of her simple burglar deterrent alarm gear. The battery-operated circuit comprises of two equally important parts – a digital rec/play module (ISD1820) and… [Read More]
Simple Security Alarm Button
Now you can build your own simple security alarm button using a tiny microcontroller chip PIC12F675 ! The circuit is nothing but an aural alert unit, which raises a warning tone when the trigger button is pushed by someone. The unit can be powered from four 1.5V AA/AAA cells wired in series (6VDC). The circuit… [Read More]
Simple Flood Alarm
The electronic flood alarm circuit presented here is wired around an LMC555N (IC1) – CMOS version of the bipolar 555 timer chip. IC1 is followed by a complimentary pair of emitter followers (T1 and T2) to drive a standard 8 ohm loud speaker (LS1). Only one 9 volt alkaline battery is required to power up… [Read More]
Unique Electric Heater Controller
Circuit of a little solid-state heater controller is described here. This circuit can be used to regulate standard resistive heating coils widely used in AC230V grid supply powered heating gadgets like Air Heaters, Hot Air Blowers, etc. The solid-state heater controller circuit built around the inexpensive BTA26-600 (T1) triac. Phase control is one of the… [Read More]
Atom, Nucleus and Electron
Atomic Structure Every object and matter in this world can be broken down into smaller particles (molecules) that are invisible to our naked eye. The matter is the composition of atoms that form the material and metallic substances. The Atom is a tiny particle that can be divided further into a million parts having properties… [Read More]
White LED Bulb AC230V
Presented here is a simple yet useful AC230V White LED light bulb with an isolated digital interface to control its on/off switching actions through a microcontroller or an external electronic circuitry. The design is based on inexpensive and popular discrete components widely available from almost all electronics component vendors. Shown below is the prefatory schematic… [Read More]