Basic Electricity is the presence of motion of electric charges. Electricity is all around us powering houses, offices and technologies like our cell phones, computers, lights, soldering irons, and air conditioners. We can’t imagine this world without electricity. It gives light to us, gives comfort, keeps us connected and provides almost all entertainment devices. History… [Read More]
Attiny85 Programming Adapter for Arduino
Using an Attiny85 microcontroller is an attractive and economical way to build a minuscule Arduino project backed by a few lines of code. Very often such a project will demand an external adapter to program the Attiny microcontroller with the help of an Arduino board, and using a small ready-to-use module can reduce development time… [Read More]
Drift Current Drift Velocity and Electron Mobility
As you all know that an electric conductor has free electrons inside them, due to movement of these free electrons, current is produced and when we give them energy via connecting battery, the electrons move towards higher potential. Note that movement of electron is opposite to the direction of the current. Current flows from higher… [Read More]
Conventional Current vs. Electron Current
Electron current and conventional current are two types of notation we use to mention current flow in a circuit. These two notations are opposite to each other. We need a notation to do some calculations like in Kirchhoff’s law. And we consider conventional current as the standard notation of current flow. But, actually this notation… [Read More]
What is Electric Current?
Electricity is a great gift science that has given to mankind. We use electricity almost all the time and it has been a part of our modern lifestyle. We can’t even imagine our lives without this precious gift. Electric current is the core of electricity. And what is electric current? Electric current is the motion… [Read More]
BJT Switch & Microcontroller
Recently I got an unusual query from a newbie microcontroller hobbyist on how to drive an electromagnetic relay using a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). Admit it, analog electronics is not a piece of butter cake for the most except a few willing scholars! Say you wanted to drive a 5V/70mA rated electromagnetic relay by one… [Read More]
Microcontroller Basics
Wearables and dozens of real time applications use a microcontroller other than a microprocessor for their core design of the entire product. And, these days almost every electronic device comes with a microcontroller. Most of the embedded applications make use of a microcontroller unit (MCU) to perform computing operations and Boolean functions. This article covers… [Read More]
Ultrasonic Water Level Monitor
Here’s a little idea to monitor the level of water in a water tank with the help of an ultrasonic sensor module. The build process is very simple, and best understood by referring to the hardware setup diagram. The technique behind this idea is easy to understand. The ultrasonic sensor sends out an ultrasonic pulse,… [Read More]
Simple Selfie Light
Let me introduce another minimalistic circuit of a simple Selfie light based on generally available low-cost components. The idea presented here is a compact USB chargeable design with inbuilt rechargeable battery and dedicated battery charger circuit. After successful construction you can put the whole electronics into a beautiful handmade or 3D printed translucent enclosure. Key… [Read More]
Solar LED Road Stud
Let me start this month with a Solar LED Road Stud project. Solar LED road stud is a self-powered, autonomous device usually installed on the center line of a road, the lane boundary, and crosswalks to clearly guide drivers and pedestrians in nighttime, rainy or foggy weather. Solar LED road stud charges its rechargeable battery… [Read More]
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